Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: BASHEV, Hrabrin
Author-Name: KOTEVA, Nina
Author-Name: MLADENOVA, Mimoza
Title: THE EFFECTS OF IMPLEMENTING EUROPEAN POLICIES IN AGRICULTIRAL HOLDINGS IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Abstract: There have been numerous publications in recent years dealing with the various effects of the CAP on holdings in the EU countries1. In the Republic of Bulgaria,
however, there are not comprehensive assessments of the actual effects of the
implementation of CAP on agricultural holdings as a whole and on agricultural holdings of different types. This article presents the results of a comprehensive survey of CAP’s impact on incomes, efficiency, competitiveness and sustainability of agricultural holdings of different legal types, sizes, specialization and geographical location. The approach of the study and the system of criteria and indicators for assessment are presented in details in a previous publication of the authors2. In order to assess the effects of the CAP, the authors used formal data of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food, the National Statistical Institute and other sources, primary data of surveys of farm managers and expertise of leading experts in the given sphere.
Keywords: agricultural holdings, household incomes, subsidies, competitiveness, sustainability of agricultural holdings
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 9
Issue: 1
Year: 2014
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1722
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2014:i:1:p:9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: SMIRNOV, Valera
Title: DETERMINING THE MAJOR FACTORS INFLUENCING THE STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES
Abstract: The question of determining the main factors influencing the strategic performance of Russian companies is now extremely urgent because of the impossibility to solve many problems in the current order. This article raises the problem of how one could identify such factors, according to what criteria their impact on the effectiveness of the strategy would be assessed, and what tools it can be done with. Consequently, it was concluded that any factor for certain values can have a significant positive or negative impact on the effectiveness of the strategy. Criterion values can be reliably measured
by means of methods that are used for predicting bankruptcy. One of the most accurate and efficient methods under today's conditions is neural network method for assessing the impact of factors on the implementation of a company’s strategy.
Keywords: assessment, effectiveness, factor, strategy
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 13
Issue: 1
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1633
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:1:p:13

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HADZHIEV, Kristiyan
Title: SPECIFICS OF THE COMPENSATION SYSTEM IN A SMWT ENVIRONMENT
Abstract: The article studies the specific measurements of motivation in a team-based environment. The focus is on the designing and functioning of reward systems in SMWT. The key changes in the compensation system in the transformation process from traditional to team-based structures are determined. The main factors for the effective and appropriate management of the reward system are analyzed. The conclusion is that the SMWT sustainable development requires that the companies reorganize their compensation systems in accordance with the specific characteristics of the new team-based environment. Otherwise, prerequisites are created for the arising of problems and a possible failure of the SMWT concept.
Keywords: self-managed work teams, team-based structures, elements of organizational design, compensation system, motivation
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1632
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:1:p:12

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DANEVA, Ivanka
Title: THE ROLE OF VOLUNTARY PENSION INSURANCE IN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Abstract: The model of corporate governance of human capital in contemporary business
organisations is essential for applying the concept of corporate social responsibility, of which supplementary voluntary pension insurance for employees with contributions made by employers is an important element. Supplementary voluntary pension insurance is fully funded and is a way to diversify sources of pension income. Insurance in voluntary pension funds has a marked potential not only to raise the gross replacement rate, but also as an element of the general model for corporate governance of human resources in any company regardless of its core business, yet this potential has not
been fully exploited so far. In order to employ it as a factor increasing personnel motivation and to increase its efficiency, a number of prerequisites and specific actions are required.
Keywords: voluntary pension insurance, corporate governance, pension insurance companies, pension funds, defined contributions
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 8
Issue: 1
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1758
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2015:i:1:p:8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: FESCHIYAN, Daniela
Title: IMPROVING THE MODEL OF UNCAPITALIZED ASSETS ACCOUNTING IN PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES
Abstract: This article focuses on some shortcomings in the model of uncapitalized
assets accounting in public sector enterprises. The lack of standardization of the accounting system in public sector enterprises is a prerequisite for the issues discussed. Despite the presence of a number of methodologies and guidelines there is still not a standardized approach for accounting the studied group of assets. The author proposes a sophisticated accounting model and argues that the problem can be solved only by the adoption of accounting standards which should replace the current practice of regulating
public sector accounting by instructions and letters. The proposed accounting model will increase the reliability and credibility of accounting information and will ultimately improve accounting methodology.
Keywords: public sector accounting, uncapitalized assets, International Public Sector Accounting Standards, accounting, accounting model
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 8
Issue: 2
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1867
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:2:p:8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: VARBANOV, Ivan
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: GLOBALIZATION AND THE WORLD CRISIS
Abstract: The study begins with a general formulation of society, globalization and market
issues. It continues with a historical review of the globalization waves throughout the centuries. Then it looks for an answer to three major questions concerning globalization (its causes, character and prospects) and finishes with an analysis of the abuses with globalization, resulting in the world (not only financial-economic) crisis of 2008.
Keywords: globalization, society, market, financial-economic crisis
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 15
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1826
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:2:p:15

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HOUBENOVA, Tatiana
Title: THE FISCAL SOVEREIGNTY AND THE TAX POLICIES OF THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES: THE EMU CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS OF FISCAL GOVERNANCE REFORM
Abstract: The paper is focused on issues of fiscal policy coordination in the Euro area and the challenges to the new EU Member States from Central and Eastern Europe in implementation of different national fiscal policy options while preparing for the entry in the EMU. The main research question concerns the evaluation of the impact of the fiscal sovereignty in the new EU Member States in implementing their national tax systems in preparation to join the Euro area. The paper discusses the ways in which the new EU Member States adjust their national tax systems by making better use of introducing the
appropriate tax structure and fiscal systems in order to reflect the specific conditions and priorities of the national economic policy and to achieve the required in the EMU sustainability of public finances in medium and long term aspect. The evaluation of options of
tax reforms in the new EU Member States is done with regard to the problems of rising fiscal deficits as a result of higher Government expenditures and the reduction of revenues during the Global economic and financial crisis. Conclusions are drawn for the main trends in the EU governance reform and the fiscal sustainability of the EMU Member States.
Keywords: fiscal policy, tax system, tax policy, tax harmonization, EU governance reform
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 6
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1672
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:1:p:6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: VARBANOV, Rumen
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: CHALLENGES AND RISKS IN COMPANIES’ TRANSITION TO CLOUD COMPUTING
Abstract: Cloud computing has already proven itself to be the more profitable economic
model of access to IT products, solutions and services online via the Internet for enterprises of different sizes and it also promises to become a serious competitive advantage. The article deals with the most important benefits and challenges of cloud computing, as well as with the risks of the cloud (loss of control over data, security and safety of data in the cloud, lack of standardization, application compatibility and IT infrastructure coordination and transparency). Special attention is paid to some practical issues of 
the transition to this new business model for providing IT services. The author proposes a specific methodology for a company’s migration to cloud services, which comprises several steps: 1. Investigating and analyzing the main reasons which can motivate migration to the cloud; 2. Analyzing and modelling the business processes in an organization; 3. Planning the transition. Selecting one or more applications that are non-critical for businesses, which are to be oriented to the new ideology; 4. Analyzing the risks and benefits of cloud computing; 5. Implementing the virtualization and cloud computing project;
6. Analyzing the outcomes and planning the next services for the shift to the cloud.
Keywords: cloud computing, safety of data in the cloud, cloud IT infrastructure, methodology for transition to cloud-based services, Software as a Service
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 16
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1830
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:2:p:16

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: TODOROVA, Daniela
Title: THE ROLE OF CONCESSIONS IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: In an economic and financial crisis the concession as a business model
enables the development and modernization of public state-owned entities.
Transport infrastructure in Bulgaria, which is public state-owned, has its
important economic and social role. Its status and prospects for development underlie the demand for transport services. The transport infrastructure modernization can be financed depending on the country’s economic development. The limitations imposed on central financing, aiming at transport infrastructure improvement, bring forward the concession as an alternative opportunity for improving transport service quality. The present article examines the role of concessions in transport infrastructure development, determining the economic and social benefits
stemming from infrastructure projects’ concessions. Concession is regarded as a successful business formula, combining low risk levels, quality and stringent control over the object of concession.
Keywords: concession, transport infrastructure, benefits
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 9
Issue: 1
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1762
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2015:i:1:p:9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CLÉMENT-PITIOT, Hélène
Author-Name: SAINT-PIERRE, Patrick
Title: INFLATION AND LABOUR CAPITAL DISTRIBUTION: THE VIABLE COMPROMISES
Abstract: Our contribution aims to revisit the well known Goodwin’s model in macroeconomics
by the light of set-valued analysis taking into account state and regulation
constraints in a viability program. The model of Goodwin (1967) deals with dynamic interactions between employment and salary levels. It provides endogenous explanations
of cyclical trends in dynamical economy. Viability methods enable investigating model
properties and revealing appropriate regulation allowing the evolution to ffiulll some prescribed qualitative objective. Then, applying computational methods derived from the Viability Kernel Algorithm, one can stretch the traditional Goodwin model analysis up to the institutional framework of the economy including monetary and budgetary aspects of the regulation policy from the public authorities, namely the state government, the central bank and eventually the rivalry between the two boards thanks to dynamical games
Keywords: Goodwin model, viability kernel, regulation policy, viability of evolutions, budgetary and monetary regulation tools
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 10
Issue: 1
Year: 2014
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1724
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2014:i:1:p:10

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: STOYANOV, Mihal
Title: CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF LOW-COST AIRLINES AND THEIR DEVELOPMENT IN EUROPE
Abstract: Air passenger transport is essential for society and economy. This article
examines the development of the low-cost carriers market in Europe and the specific characteristics of low-cost airlines, which distinguish these airline operators from the other participants in the aviation market. It also analyzes the serious expansion of this market segment in Europe for the period 2005-2013 and formulates recommendations for possible improvement of the business strategy of low-cost airlines.
Keywords: low-cost airlines, traditional airlines, budget carriers, airline market
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 10
Issue: 1
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1767
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2015:i:1:p:10

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: TSONCHEV, Radoslav
Author-Name: TONOVA, Stoimenka
Title: FINANCIAL INNOVATION AND THE NEW REGULATION
Abstract: The majority of experts and practitioners share the opinion that one of the major reasons for the world financial crisis from the period 2007-2009 is the failure of the market regulation both as statutory framework and professional practice. Unfortunately, the traditional financial doctrine was not in position to adequately assess the high complexity of the modern financial markets. It did not address in detail the essence of the financial innovations and to a certain extent allowed the deregulation and market selfregulation and thus allowing the widespread of such innovations. This survey is an attempt (i) to respond to the need for better understanding of the financial innovations, (ii) to point out and analyze the regulatory challenges caused by the market dynamics and (iii) to assess the steps already taken. It is not by chance that the reforms of the regulatory framework played a major role in the post-crisis period. Their progress in the last two or three years has been remarkable but, in our opinion, there is still a lot left to be accomplished in this field.
Keywords: financial innovation, post-crisis period, OTC derivatives, hedge funds, credit-rating agencies
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 7
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1676
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:1:p:7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: KAMENOV, Kamen
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: THE SYSTEM
Abstract: This article reviews the philosophy of systems thinking and insightfulness as
success factors. It also analyses and describes the characteristics of systems in which people are involved. Furthermore, it suggests ideas for establishing the relationship which binds systems thinking to systems analysis and insightfulness and results achieved in the course of time. The importance of co-active environment for achieving efficient end results is determined, the focus being on establishing corresponding projective behaviour. The advantages and disadvantages of ‘life’ within a system have been identified. Finally, the conclusion has been made that a system creates a sense of security and sets the pace of activities, which are a substantial advantage as opposed to the
lack of clearly set obligations and mode of behaviour.
Keywords: systems thinking, systems analysis, insightfulness, creativity, co-active environment
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 6
Issue: 1
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1741
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2015:i:1:p:6

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: Radev, Yuli
Title: SEQUENTIAL MARKETS AND GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM
Abstract: An increasing number of analysts of the latest financial crisis employ
arguments and models from different stages of the evolution of economics. We believe that this is the right approach, since no economic event, financialization included, should be viewed as unique or unparalleled. We agree that the answers to most questions relating to the boom-downturn cycle are to be sought in the behaviour of entities involved in the economic process and the so-called extrinsic uncertainty. It seems only logical that similar events should be considered extreme and uncontrollable varieties of typical deviations from normal conditions. Yet, it might prove to be rather misleading to randomly combine economic concepts. Therefore, this paper is an attempt to systematize alternative models of the dynamic equilibrium path around which balanced and sometimes dis-balanced markets temporarily converge. In the framework presented here, extrinsic uncertainty and institutional theory add to the neo-classical idea about markets through the generalizing concept of market disequilibrium.
Keywords: general equilibrium, sequential markets, theory of temporary equilibrium, prices and price expectations, perfect foresight
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 10
Issue: 2
Year: 2014
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1906
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2014:i:2:p:10

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: LAZAROV, Rumen
Title: ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY AND THE ROLE OF THE INSTITUTIONAL FACTOR IN ITS ANALYSIS
Abstract: This article presents an attempt to clarify the understanding of the role played
by institutions in relation to economic uncertainty. The aim is to critically analyze and compare the place which this economic phenomenon occupies in neoclassical and institutional analytical models. The need for the introduction of the institutional factor in a highly formalized orthodox neoclassical analysis model is theoretically justified. The conclusion is that, under this condition, economic analysis will be able to produce objective results on the basis of which precise conclusions and correct decisions will be made as regards economic policy.
Keywords: economic uncertainty, neoclassical analysis, institutional approach
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1873
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:2:p:11

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: KALCHEV, Rumen
Title: ON SOME ASPECTS OF CONTINUING VOCATIONAL TRAINING IN BULGARIA
Abstract: This study focuses on issues related to continuing vocational training (CVT) in Bulgaria. Its significance in building a knowledge economy is in compliance with modern views. Some key indicators of its scope and importance in EU countries are analyzed. Major problems with continuous vocational training are revealed and the fundamental trends for overcoming them in Bulgaria are outlined.
Keywords: continuing vocational training, knowledge econom
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 10
Issue: 2
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1871
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:2:p:10

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: PETKOV, Plamen
Author-Email: p.petkov@uni-svishtov.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: AN ECONOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE INVESTMENT FUNCTION FOR BULGARIA ALLOWING FOR THE IMPACT OF STRUCTURAL BREAKS
Abstract: An investment function is a concept or strategy within economics that helps to identify the connection between shifts in the national income and the investment patterns that take place within that particular national economy. The present study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to examine the long-run and short-run relationships between investment and some of its key determinants – real gross domestic product, inflation, discount rate and the Composite Financial Development Index. The econometric analysis is based on annual data referring to the period from
1991 to 2011. Three investment functions are estimated – total investment, private investment and foreign direct investment, and each function is analyzed both by not taking and by taking into consideration the tructural changes that occurred in the survey period.
Keywords: investment function, cointegration analysis, causality analysis, error correction models, forecasting
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 9
Issue: 2
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1869
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:2:p:9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ADAMOV, Velichko
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: PHILOSOPHY OF FINANCIAL IMPACT
Abstract: Finance as a technology for managing money affects all social activities. Its
role is decisive in many cases. Therefore this article studies the impact of finance on production, consumption and labour resources. Financial levers for economic stabilization of municipalities are examined in detail. An analysis is made of the vital importance of the financial policy of the state and firms, which is very closely related to the operations of the Central Bank and the commercial banks. In this regard proposals are made about differentiated taxation and changes in the banks’ balance sheets. The need for incessant improvement of techniques for mobilizing and spending money for the sake of
a more effective financial impact is justified.
Keywords: financial impact, human investment, financial independence of communities, bank autonomy
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 9
Issue: 2
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1846
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:2:p:9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DIMITROVA, Teodora
Author-Email: t.dimitrova@uni-svishtov.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF EDUCATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF BULGARIA
Abstract: Financial aspects of educational sector are of paramount importance for the national and world economic development especially after the negative impact of the first global financial and economic crisis of the current century. Therefore, the precise insight into related problems provides arguments that one of the factors for an optimally functioning knowledge-based economy is to give top priority to education. This article focuses on the financial aspects of education in the Republic of Bulgaria with the aim to objectify the current state and to identify potential opportunities
for reaching European dimensions in the educational sector and to implement the objectives of the Europe 2020 Strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.
Keywords: education, education costs, public and private expenditure on education, cost-effectiveness of education
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1849
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:2:p:11

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ZHELYAZKOVA, Donka
Title: STATE AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LOGISTICS SECTOR CONCENTRATION IN BULGARIA
Abstract: Logistics sector concentration is viewed theoretically by deducing key
characteristics that can be identified as essential in describing modern centres of logistics functions such as: location, size of areas, type of areas, technical specification, additional areas, infrastructure and services. Indicators for assessing the state and level of logistics sector concentration are systematized through applying the grouping and averaging methods. On this basis, a study of the logistics sector concentration in
Bulgaria is conducted and some prospects and opportunities for development are formulated.
Keywords: concentration, logistics sector, logistics centre
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 9
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1693
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:1:p:9

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: HADZHIEV, Kristiyan
Title: INSTRUMENTS FOR ANALYSIS OF THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT THROUGH THE PRISM OF SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS
Abstract: The article studies the specific characteristics of the external environment
because they create actual possibilities for the introduction of elf-management in the functioning of work teams in the Bulgarian organizational practice. An emphasis is put on the organizational context within which self-managed work teams (SMWT) function. The study also identifies the key instruments integrated in the model of analyzing the external environment in the process of transforming traditional work structures into selfmanaged ones. The article outlines the effects of the direct and indirect environment factors on the various dimensions of SMWT, namely structural characteristics, work and interpersonal processes, etc. The author supports the idea that the sustainable development of the SMWT-concept and the creation of added value for organizations require adequate monitoring of the competitive environment factors (specific microenvironment) and the common environment. This is one of the paradigms of modern management. Changes in the external environment affect the internal integration of the system and vice versa – the damaged internal processes limit the organization’s potential for adapting to the environment.
Keywords: self-managed work teams, team based structures, organizational functionning, elements of organizational design, competitive environment factors
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 7
Issue: 1
Year: 2015
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1755
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2015:i:1:p:7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: SHKURTI (Perri), Rezarta
Author-Name: MITI (Ujkani), Mirela
Title: ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL REPORTING FOR SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES AND MICROENTERPRISES IN ALBANIA
Abstract: Recent progress and regional integration of the Albanian economy have presented a lot of challenges for the SME-s and the microenterprises in Albania. One of the challenges, namely the regulation of the financial reporting framework for SME-s and micro entities becomes the focus of this study and it discusses the problems that microenterprises face when required to comply with the new accounting regulations. The authors find that
these entities experience increased costs of reporting and lack the proper experience to successfully handle the transition toward the new accounting regime. For ensuring a correct implementation of the new accounting rules and for increasing the awareness of the microenterprises about the importance of qualitative financial information a close cooperation
among the involved parties is needed. The authors recommend that academic institutions, professional organizations and accounting regulatory bodies in Albania undertake trainings in order to enhance the knowledge on the new accounting rules.
Keywords: SME, accounting standard, financial reporting
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 15
Issue: 1
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1644
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:1:p:15

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ANGELOVA, Polya
Author-Email: p.angelova@uni-svishtov.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: MODERN ASPECTS OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS IN BULGARIA
Abstract: The development of agricultural statistics in Bulgaria over the last two decades has been accompanied by a number of organizational and methodological problems. On the one hand, they are generated by the overall restructuring of the agricultural sector – changes in the form of ownership, land relations, production and industrial restructuring,
and agricultural policy, which has led to serious difficulties in carrying out statistical surveys. On the other hand, the preparation of the country for the EU accession imposed institutional and legal harmonization both in the sphere of agriculture and in the sphere of statistics, incl. agricultural statistics. This necessitated the creation of a new specialized institutional structure, a statistics authority which is to carry out statistical surveys in agriculture in line with the European requirements. The present article focuses on statistical surveys carried out in agriculture with the aim to outline the organizational and methodological framework of modern agricultural
statistics in Bulgaria. The emphasis is on their methodological aspects and major elements of their organization – scope, object, frequency, form of carrying out, sources of information.
Keywords: agricultural statistics, agriculture, harmonization, European standards, statistical surveys
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 10
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1697
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:1:p:10

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CHOBANOVA, Rositsa
Title: KNOWLEDGE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: The article interprets the theoretical bases concerning the understanding of the role which knowledge has for the economic development from Schumpeter to the contemporary foreign and Bulgarian authors. It also outlines the characteristics of the various types of knowledge which are important for the economic development. These characteristics are presented in dichotomies, i.e. scientific – everyday, theoretical – empirical, codified – tacit. In addition, the article defines the similarities and differences between information and scientific and technical knowledge. A special emphasis is put on measuring knowledge. The experience in statistical monitoring and measuring, significant
for the characterization of the relationship between knowledge and economic
development, is systematized and evaluated from a historic perspective. This systematization and a critical approach, combined with the opinions of Bulgarian authors, are the basis for the development of a conceptual framework aiming at the utilization of knowledge for the purposes of social and economic development.
Keywords: knowledge, economic development, capital, innovation, knowledge economy
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 11
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1810
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:2:p:11

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: BELEVA, Iskra
Title: EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKETS CHALLENGES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE „EUROPE 2020” STRATEGY
Abstract: The article studies the crisis’ effects on the development of labour markets in Europe and in Bulgaria, in particular. It outlines the strong decrease in labour demand and high unemployment in a considerable part of the member-countries as well as the decrease in households’ incomes and the standard of living dynamics. The increased pressure on public finances under crisis conditions encounters their restricted opportunities, additionally limited by the strict fiscal consolidation carried out. The active labour market policies carried out manage partially and temporary to compensate for the negative effects of the crisis, and the success of macroeconomic growth policies is minimal. The desired structural reforms do not succeed in acquiring sufficient speed to provide the labour productivity dynamics and to achieve „smart, sustainable and inclusive growth”. All this gives rise to challenges facing the European Strategy 2020 goals and calls for reviewing the managerial and financial mechanisms, triggered for its achievement
Keywords: „Europe 2020” strategy, European labour market, active labour market policy, labour productivity, public expenditures
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 13
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1816
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:2:p:13

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DRAGANOV, Hristo
Title: BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIZING AND MANAGING INSURANCE
Abstract: The academic paper studies the basic principles of organizing and managing
insurance and analyzes the scientific thesis through the prism of modern characteristics of insurance relations. The author’s views are conveyed in a straight and polemic aspect along with those of other authors. The need of formulating the typical insurance principles in a liberal economy is proved.
Keywords: insurance, relations, insurance principles, insurance premium, insurance totality
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 13
Issue: 2
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1852
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:2:p:13

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DAMYANOV, Atanas
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Author-Name: SARKISYAN, Karina
Author-Email: k.sarkisyan@uni-svishtov.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: IMPACT OF INTERCULTURAL DIFFERENCES ON BULGARIAN BUSINESS
Abstract: The issue of the importance of intercultural differences in the contemporary
communication process has become extremely topical over the last 20 years. The
number of employees working for foreign companies has grown significantly due to the companies’ expanding activities overseas. All international business activity involves a certain type of communication, which varies from daily exchange of information and ideas to decision-making, negotiating effectively and motivating staff. These activities are based on the ability of managers from one culture to communicate effectively with the managers and employees, representatives of other cultures, and to overcome the “invisible” obstacles and barriers, which have an impact on the operation of individual companies.
The specific aim of the current study is to outline the major problems and barriers facing Bulgarian business contractors in the process of communication with representatives of foreign cultures – both abroad and in their own organizations.
Keywords: cultural diversity, multiculturalism, multicultural differences, intercultural communication, cultural dimensions
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 12
Issue: 2
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1850
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:2:p:12

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: STOYANOV, Stoyan
Title: OPPORTUNITIES FOR INVESTMENT REALIZATION IN TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION
Abstract: The article deals with issues of investment in road construction and characterizes the sources of financing road construction in Bulgaria. The development of the road network for the period 2001-2010 is analyzed. Some main conclusions are made on this basis. Specific measures are identified for improving the natural indicators as well as the use of projects in realizing investment activities in road construction.
Keywords: road construction, construction, investment, infrastructure, construction entrepreneurship
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 15
Issue: 2
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1854
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:2:p:15

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: MANLIEV, Georgi
Title: PRICES OF NETWORK SERVICES UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF MONOPOLY, MARKET LIBERALIZATION AND THEIR REGULATION
Abstract: The provision of network services which are often associated with natural monopoly has led to the process of price discrimination of consumers. It pursues the appropriation of a larger part of the consumer surplus. The proposal to introduce two-part tariffs: network access fee and price per amount consumed, is a disguised approach to get higher profits from network services provision. It preserves the pricing model in which P > МС (prices are higher than the marginal cost). W. Baumol taking into account the characteristics of the supply average total cost (ATC) curve of natural monopolies suggested that the prices of network services should be formed according to the average cost (rule P = AC). This was a second good decision because prices were still higher than the marginal cost (P > МС). In this respect the state regulators applied two classical approaches to regulate their prices: cost plus a normative profit rate and price limit. The market liberalization and ecological restrictions made the state regulators adopt a network services pricing model with several components. They reported more precisely the expenses of participants in the network services provision (producers, distributors,
operators-dealers), which is an improvement of the second good outcome:
P = AC, but still P > МС. Competition which imposes market liberalizations drives prices to marginal cost: Р = МС, or the first best outcome. The monopolistic and oligopolistic activities of those participating in the process of network services provision impede its
achievement, which necessitates additional control on their market behaviour.
Keywords: network services, natural monopolies, monopoly in the provision, price discrimination, market liberalization
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 14
Issue: 2
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1853
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:2:p:14

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: STOYANOV, Mihal
Title: ON THE UNEXHAUSTED POTENTIAL OF CLASSICAL ADVERTISING MEDIA
Abstract: The present article reviews the nature, significance, characteristics and state
of the use of advertising brochure as an information tool of exchange agents in retail trading with consumer goods. The strategy for achieving better awareness and impact on consumer expectations associated with commodity supply is a key issue in using printed advertising materials. It was confirmed on the basis of the study carried out, that even under the conditions of economic instability and under the ongoing crisis processes in economy the printed advertising materials retain their relevance and economic viability as an economic and information channel for commercial companies.
Keywords: printed advertising materials, promotional policy, brochure, commercial business
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 16
Issue: 2
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1855
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:2:p:16

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: VIDOLOVA, Maria
Title: RISK IN BANKING - CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF APPLICABLE STANDARDS
Abstract: This study discusses issues related to trends and changes in the normative
basis regulating risk management in banking institutions. It examines the underlying principles in the development of Basel I, Basel II and Basel III international standards, as well as the reasons behind the changes that were made in these standards. The common framework of implementation of these principles at the national level is also analyzed. As the standards are analyzed, the most important problems are revealed and the path of the evolution of the standards is shown pointing out how the standards were modified and amended with the years. The connection between the expected results from the introduction of the Basel Accords and the expansionary policy of merchant banks aimed at achieving a greater market share and involving compromises with the risk management standards is also established. The reasons behind the necessity for establishing minimum capital requirements
that should cover the main risks facing a bank are examined and the fact that the environment where the banks operate should be taken into account in constructing the capital framework is emphasized.
Keywords: risk, bank, Basel standards, methods
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1628
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:1:p:11

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DILKOV, Tsvetan
Author-Email: ts.dilkov@uni-svishtov.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: ENTERPRISE RESTRUCTURING BY USING PROJECT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Abstract: Nowadays restructuring is one of the essential trends practically in every enterprise activities, focused on successful business, and it is also an effective market tool
for increasing its competitiveness. Restructuring infers the systemic character of enterprise functioning optimization.
It involves a multi-aspectual and interrelated set of events, processes and methods starting with a complex diagnostics of the company and reaching to reorganization of both organizational structure and business processes based on the modern management
approaches, including quality management methodology, business processes reengineering, information technologies and systems.
The aim of this publication is to help executives and managers to get a “quality vision” of the practical version of the preparation and implementation process of enterprise
restructuring, in which the active or even passive use of some elements of the project management methodology will enable the successful realization of the intended
restructuring programme.
Keywords: project management, restructuring, operating projects, strategic projects, poorly structured problems
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 8
Issue: 1
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1678
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:1:p:8

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: YANKOVA, Nina
Title: LEVEL OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND POTENTIAL OF DISTRICTS
Abstract: The paper deals with the results from a research of the level of development
and the potential of regions in the country for 2008 and identifies the differences on this basis. It discusses the aspects in the development of districts which will most contribute to the raising of their level of development. The necessity to study the dependence between level of development and potential is reasoned and the districts considered to have the greatest discrepancies are emphasized.
Keywords: level of development, potential, correspondence.
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 14
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1378
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:1:p:14

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: DAMYANOV, Atanas
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: RECONSIDERING SOME PERSPECTIVES
Abstract: The study is based on the „viewpoints – reconsideration” relation and consists of three parts. The first part presents points of view regarding foreign trade behaviour of countries in transition (respectively economies) developed by me immediately after the changes in 1990. They are based on metaphors which have biological haracteristics.
The reconsideration of the viewpoints is done through the prism of:
a) restricted state sovereignty;
b) scenarios of the length of the transition/transformation period;
c) breakthrough in the form of G-8 to G-20 countries.
The second part emphasizes on globalization – cоntradictions and conflicts, global enterprise and global product – doubts, looking for rules in globalization and Republic of Bulgaria – subcontracting country. The reconsideration of the trends listed is towards outlining a global/world problem and a contradiction, and methods are developed for transition from an ill-structured to a well-structured problem, etc. The third part presents the „Re Co In” paradigm (regional conflicts and internationalization (corporate)). Five groups of regional conflicts are differentiated. A new group of clashes and mechanisms and buffers is described in reconsidering this paradigm for reducing their influence on foreign trade activity of companies and countries in Europe.
Keywords: international markets, foreign trade behaviour, transitology, internationalization, global product, global contradictions
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 13
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1375
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:1:p:13

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ADAMOV, Velichko
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: TAX INCIDENCE UNDER CRISIS CONDITIONS
Abstract: Every state of economy is assessed and characterized in accordance with the
possibilities to collect more or less revenues through taxes. The present article attempts to prove the relation between the economic crisis and the need of raising or reducing taxes. All arguments in this field must comply with both tax philosophy and taxpayers’ mood. The dimension of the crisis is of great importance; however, the psychological aspect of taxation should not be ignored. In this sense a good solution may be the increase in profits taxation in the bank sector or withdrawal from taxes as an instrument of impact.
Keywords: taxes, financial crisis, consumption, tax incidence, state revenues, tax measures
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 11
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1368
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:1:p:11

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: KAMENOV, Kamen
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: VALUES AND ASYMMETRY IN INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP BEHAVIOUR
Abstract: The article studies issues related to individual and group behaviour in terms of hierarchy of values. Active favorability is viewed as a form of behaviour arising from asymmetry in values and lack of stability in their hierarchy. A connection is made between morality and law as sources of human factor’s behaviour and the need of correlation between moral and legal norms of individual and group behaviour is defined.
Keywords: human factor, moral norms, legal norms, group, situation, moral
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 12
Issue: 1
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1373
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:1:p:12

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: ILIEV, Plamen
Title: DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING MARKET IN BULGARIA
Abstract: The article studies the supply and demand factors on the real estate market in
Republic of Bulgaria. It examines the relation between value, price and costs for creating immovable properties and presents the concept of real estate market value as an applicable and most used standard of value in terms of international valuation standards. It also examines the trends in the change of real estate price and market value in Bulgaria over the last five years and how they are influenced by the way of funding real estate transactions.
Keywords: real estate market, supply and demand factors, standards of value, market value, debt financing
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 14
Issue: 2
Year: 2011
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1824
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2011:i:2:p:14

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: CHOBANOVA, Rositsa
Title: TERRITORIAL ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT: CITIES
Abstract: This study discusses the territorial aspect of development through renovation
linking it to cities where communication between people, the resultant emergence of problems and prospective solutions are more intensive. The purpose of this study is to achieve a better understanding of what makes a
city innovative and what the problems are in building an innovative city or district. In this context, first, the methodologies for defining, grouping and ranking innovative cities and similar territorial units are characterized. The results of the first comprehensive rankings of innovative cities in the world, Europe and China are presented. The second part of the study is devoted to characterizing debates regarding the European concept for the development of metropolitan areas as innovation centres within the Europe 2020 Strategy. Some ideas for the innovative development of territories in Bulgaria are suggested. The conclusion is that innovative development in a territorial aspect is related to the development of cities and metropolitan areas, which requires regular monitoring, evaluation and well-grounded measures for development, taking into account global good practice.
Keywords: city, development, innovation, strategies, classifications
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 7
Issue: 2
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1864
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:2:p:7

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: KAMENOV, Kamen
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: ON THE SYNDROME OF MANDATEBASED THINKING AND TIME HORIZON
Abstract: The article studies specific features of human factor’s behaviour related to
mandates and time horizon. It links results, change and goals within a mandate and on this basis establishes dependences between mandate-based behaviour, behaviour in the past and projective behaviour. It also discusses the degrees of overlapping in the mental model of the mandatee between self-assessment and external behaviour, which determine the content of mandate-based behaviour. The reasons for the current problems and broken interaction in the mandate team are analyzed in depth. The motives for
choosing certain mandate-based behaviour are justified.
Keywords: mandate, mandate-based thinking, mandate-based behaviour, time horizon, interests
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 10
Issue: 2
Year: 2012
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1848
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2012:i:2:p:10

Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0
Author-Name: IVANOVA, Petya
Author-Email: p.ivanova@uni-svishtov.bg
Author-Workplace-Name: D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics
Title: CREATIVITY AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
Abstract: The article justifies the need for targeted development of destination creativity as a sustainable tourism resource. The economic significance and the way this resource adds value to tourism is outlined. The role of creativity in tourism development is identified on the basis of the
systematization of discussions existing in scientific literature and comparisons between creative and traditional forms of tourism. The specifics of tourism demand and supply of creative tourism experiences are consistently analyzed. Specific conclusions are made that could contribute to the sustainable development of tourism in Bulgaria based on the analysis carried out.
Keywords: tourism, sustainable development, creative, tourism supply, innovativeness
Journal: Economics 21
Pages: 12
Issue: 2
Year: 2013
File-URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10610/1875
Handle: RePEc:dat:econ21:y:2013:i:2:p:12